That update has a prerequisite Office SP1 is that installed?
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2986244
I have uninstalled OneDrive and OneDrive for Business from my PC yet Windows Update offers me an "important" update named "Update for Microsoft OneDrive for Business (KB2986244). I have reset the Windows Update components but the issue is unresolved. Hiding the update does not solve it either. This "important" update keeps showing up again and again. I have an open Microsoft support case SRX1293244224ID on this issue but Microsoft is ignoring my communications. The only solution I have found is to uncheck "Give me updates for other Microsoft products when I update Windows" but that will prevent me from getting other Office updates. Let's hope this issue is not carried over into Windows 10. Thanks.
If you have Microsoft Office installed, and, your edition of Office includes ODfB, the installation of Office will pre-install the files for ODfB (even if you choose to not-enable the ODfB application feature).
This is done so that if you later on choose to enable the ODfB application feature, the necessary installation files are already pre-cached on your computer. [it also applies to all other applications/features in Office, like Access/Excel/Publisher/etc]
Because the installation files are pre-cached, software updates for *ALL* Office application features are detected as applicable (yes, even if the particular application feature is not enabled).
This is how Microsoft create their software. This is primarily done, so that if you later enable that disabled feature, you are not enabling a vulnerable application, it is already updated to the latest secure/improved bits.
So, what you are seeing, is exactly as designed by Microsoft.
It has nothing to do with the version of Windows you have, so, Windows 10 won't change this.