I have turned off "Require password after wakeup" everywhere I could find.
I've disabled it in regular power settings (clickable link on the left) and for the current power scheme I'm using.
I thought it might be because I was using a Windows Live account, but it still occurs with my local account.
Windows + Q doesn't open Power Options for me, it goes to the app screen. I have no "Troubleshooting" options available to me. Mind you that I'm running the RTM version because our company is a Microsoft partner and this version has been made available to us, so the options you mention may be missing or in other places. Okay, let's continue with what I've tried. I've disabled the "Require password on wakeup" setting in Group Policies, but the problem persists. When I go to the regular power options it shows "some settings can't be changed due to restrictions on the computer" so I know the GPOs are working. The comboboxes for battery and plugged in both show NO for the "require password" option. I've also used the User Account troubleshooting tool from the Release Preview and it shows no problems with my account. So it seems to me there has been an unfortunate change in the RTM if this problem doesn't occur in the Release Preview. Maybe it's time to submit a bug, but I don't know how, I would just like this to be fixed.