once the installation was complete, I reinitialized the TPM in the BIOS and the MMC, and encrypted the drive again. After all this my drive started acting up, so I decided to clone it to a new drive in the event of failure. Ever since then I've had trouble getting Bitlocker to work.
Hi,
Sorry but I have some confusions here. Do you mean that you can successfully enable bitlocker on your drive (system drive? Data drive?) again after you have upgraded to Windows 8.1? But unable to lock that original drive after you cloned it to a new drive? What error prompted?
As I know, to upgrade a bilocker protected Windows 7 system to higher OS, you just need to temporarily Suspend the protection, then after the upgrade complete, Resume the protection.
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh831507.aspx#BKMK_upgradeV27
Regarding to your issue, since all happened after you upgrade to newer os, I would suggest you refer to the manufacture website and update the BIOS to get the latest version and check if it helps, to do this, please make sure to turn off the protection.
Regards