My question is this:

Is the only difference between MS T-SQL and MS SQL is that MS T-SQL can handle transactions?  If so, how much is there to moving to T-SQL from SQL, is there a lot to transactions?  And if there are other differences besides those things that deal with transactions, what are they?

I don't think its true

First of all T-SQL is a language (on some standard) and MS-SQL  is a product by Microsoft.

Oracle or any other DBMS product implement T-SQL to interact with the database system.

Hi,

MS SQL is the database engine from Microsoft (Microsoft SQL Server)

T-SQL is the SQL dialect written by Microsoft for its particular database engine.

When you say "moving to SQL", are you talking about moving to a different SQL engine like Oracle or DB2?

SQL(Structured Query Language) is a standard language based on the relational model, to manage data in an RDBMS(relational database management systems). It's based on ANSI and ISO standards. T-SQL is based on SQL, but it also provides some extensions.

So,

1. MS SQL SERVER is a RDBMS.

2. T-SQL is a language to manage data in MS SQL SERVER.

3. T-SQL is based on SQL.

more info:

 Transact-SQL

"MS SQL" is not an official term. 

I would guess it means the Microsoft version of the SQL language.

It may also be short for "MS SQL Server".

"MS T-SQL" is a well-defined term.  It means the Transact-SQL language.