Well, it seems to me i've run in nearly the same problem.
upgraded win 8.1 pro to win 10. everything ( as i see for now ) works fine but IE 11 and Edge don't want to connect to (sic!) microsoft servers like msdn, technet. firefox working fine (writing from it now ).
there are two types of error when i am trying to connect:
edge: Hmm, we can't reach this page
ie11:
This page cant be displayed
Turn on TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, and TLS 1.2 in Advanced settings and try connecting to
https://msdn.microsoft.com again. If this error persists, it is possible that this site uses an unsupported protocol. Please contact the site administrator.
i found in event log tons of
A fatal alert was generated and sent to the remote endpoint. This may result in termination of the connection. The TLS protocol defined fatal error code is 10. The Windows SChannel error state is 10.
also i found, that if i have fiddler started in capturing more, both edge and ie connect to https://msdn.microsoft.com with no problems
i tried to flushdns, reset tcp stack, enable and disable IE, enable/disable ie protection mode, reset ie settings...
meantime, both connect nicely to facebook, gmail (over https ).
any ideas what to try next? except for clean install :)