The platform must be the same across all related servers, so SharePoint servers on same matched OS and service pack versions, SQL on it's matched OS and service pack versions. So no, you cannot add 2012 app or WFE servers to a farm with an OS running Windows
2008.
What you can do though is build new win 2012 servers and do a pysical to virtual capture of the win2008 servers and run the farm virtualised on a single server if your capacity demnds permit this.
This would at least allow you to start building a replacement farm on a base 2012 OS utilising that existing server infratructure and then migrate the content databases into that new farm, treating it as an upgrade project in effect.