Hello Yoshi,

Do you see some more information in your event viewer?

Have you tried manually adding the web address in the OneDrive for Business app?

Maybe these links can help:
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/support/sync-a-library-to-your-computer-HA102832401.aspx#_Toc371673738
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/sharepoint-help/solve-problems-youre-having-with-the-onedrive-for-business-sync-app-HA104047973.aspx?CTT=5&origin=HA102832401#_Toc379368245

Hope this helps