hi Torsten,
make sure you have a snapshot or clone it beforehand, test in the lab (as always :) ) so you can check if there is no issue.
we have had a few SQL problems, and it also broke pxe booting and had small issue with one DP.
MS engineers have been trying to fix SQL by applying some fixes/updates, then did run some queries and the problem seems to be fixed now (according to them).
we've done it just recently, updated from v 2012R2 to CU4 (no previous CU was applied before)
our configmgr runs on 2008R2
Hope this helps.
Cheers,
Matt