My organization restricts Designer access on production sites. Can I adjust the column width without using Designer? I was thinking of javascript, jquery, or css.

Hi

use below code

<script src="http;//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.2.6/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function(){
$("div.ms-vh-div:contains('name of your column')").css("width", "350px");});

</script>
https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/office/en-US/eab8a3ca-1a91-45ca-b7d5-a5f78592083e/adjust-column-width-in-sharepoint-2013?forum=sharepointgeneral