Hi,
Please create a new .aspx page, then upload it to your SharePoint Online, check if it works.
By default, .aspx is supported for SharePoint Online to upload it into a library.
https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Types-of-files-that-cannot-be-added-to-a-list-or-library-30be234d-e551-4c2a-8de8-f8546ffbf5b3
Please try to update it via Explorer (Open with Explorer), compare the result.
If the above still doesn't work, in general, we suggest you check the log file to find more infromation. However, as we know, we cannot check the log file for SharePoint Online by default. So, I suggest you create a new thread on Office 365 forum, there
are some backend engineers who could check the log file. Thanks for your understanding.
Office 365 forum:
https://community.office365.com/en-us/f/
Thanks,
Wendy